Refractive errors
Refractive errors are myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism
Myopia
Myopia is a refractive error that manifests itself when distant objects are projected at a point in front of the retina, instead of on it. As a result, a distorted perception of the image occurs and, therefore, vision is blurred and poorly defined.
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Farsightedness
Farsightedness is a refractive error that causes blurred and uncomfortable vision of nearby objects (and sometimes also distant objects).
Unlike myopia, the images are focused behind the retina and not directly on it.
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Astigmatism
Astigmatism is a refractive error that causes blurred and distorted vision, both near and far vision, and that manifests itself when images are focused on several points on the retina. In contrast, in emmetropic (non-prescription) eyes, images focus on a single point on the retina.
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Control of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism
Refractive errors cannot be prevented. However, adequate control of refractive errors in childhood is essential to detect them, establish a correct assessment of visual capacity and correct them early.
In this way, they are prevented from having harmful effects on the child’s vision system, which is in full development in the first years of life, and that they can lead to other types of pathologies, such as lazy eye or amblyopia.
There are different methods for correcting refractive errors, although optical correction using glasses is recommended as the first choice. It should be borne in mind that the prescription in children will inevitably undergo changes during their development, so it is advisable that the prescription of their eyesight reaches a certain level of stabilization to assess other alternatives such as surgery.
Other pathologies
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